ASBAB AL-WURUD: ANTARA TEKS DAN KONTEKS
Abstract
Mengetahui asbab al-wurud dalam ilmu hadis sama pentingnya dengan mengetahui asbab an-nuzul dalam al-Qur’an. Ia menjadi ruh kontekstual sebuah peristiwa. Hal inilah yang dinyatakan oleh al-Wahidi dan Ibnu Daqiq yang ditegaskan oleh Ibnu Taimiyah bahwa mengetahui kebenaran dan dengan benar sebab akan melahirkan pemahaman yang benar terhadap akibat.Pemahaman teks sebuah hadis seyogyanya dibarengi dengan analisis mendalam terhadap konteksnya. Ia tidak dapat dipisahkan satu dengan yang lainnya, karena konteks telah memproduksi teks. Oleh karenanya, kajian tentang asbabul wurud ini menghasilkan temuan bahwa mengetahui asbab al-wurud merupakan cara yang paling baik untuk memahami makna hadits dengan benar, sehingga kita bisa membumikannya dalam prilaku kita dengan benar pula. Juga ia merupakan ilmu yang penting dalam menunjukkan hubungan teks dengan realitas. Atau dengan kata lain ia adalah konteks sosial bagi teks (hadits). Bila suatu hadits tidak sesuai dengan kondisi sekarang atau tuntutan zaman, maka kita harus lebih dulu memahami betul arti teks (ini tentunya dalam hadits-hadits yang kadar tingkatannya sampai pada shahih), kemudian menganalogikannya dengan memakai pendekatan histories, sosiologis dan antropologis. Karena dalam hadits pun dikenal istilah al-Ibratu bi ‘Umum al-Lafzi laa bikhusus as-Sabab. Kata Kunci: Hadis, Asbab al-Wurud, Teks, KonteksReferences
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