Community-Based Tourism Mangrove Swamp Ecotourism Based on Maqashid Sharia

: Having a wealth of potential mangrove resources, Pagatan Besar village has the opportunity to develop a sustainable ecotourism sector. This development must be directed at minimizing negative impacts on the environment and ensuring that the welfare of local communities increases. This research aims to find strategies for developing mangrove swamp ecotourism potential in Pagatan Besar village by optimizing the role of the Community based on Maqashid al Syari'ah. Qualitative research using a case study method in the mangrove swamp ecotourism area found that the strategy applied in developing the tourism potential of the mangrove swamp ecotourism area in the region was to implement a transparent accounting system to manage ecotourism income and expenditure, forming a special team to allocate initial investment funds and on the necessary infrastructure, maintaining the security and comfort of tourists with regular security audits, updating the security system through technology such as CCTV cameras. Optimizing the role of the Community is carried out by involving residents in skills training programs in the mangrove ecotourism sector, regular meetings for input and ideas, overcoming gaps in cultural and religious values with cross-sector consultation groups involving religious, cultural and village government leaders in the integration of Maqashid values al Syari'ah in the ecotourism plan, increasing environmental awareness through healthy environmental education for tourists and residents in daily ecotourism activities.


Introduction
Mangrove forests grow on tropical coastlines and are influenced by sea tides (Tomlinson in Noor, 2012).One of the functions of mangrove forests, apart from being a place for various types of fauna to grow and develop, is to protect beaches and residential areas from waves, wind, and storms.Mustofa, Nisa dan Pujawati (2019) reported that the area of mangrove forests in Tanah Laut district has decreased; according to the Tanah Laut District Maritime and Fisheries Service (2015), in 1990, the area was 27,903 Ha (86.17%), whereas in 2007 The area of mangrove areas that are still in good condition decreased sharply to 3,200 Ha (9.88%).The decline rate in the Tanah Laut Regency's mangrove area is relatively large, reaching 24,703 Ha; the average rate of decline in the area is 1,453.12Ha per year (5.21%/year).The most significant damage was in the Panyipatan District area, and the smallest was in the Takisung District area (82.46%).This is caused by shrimp and fish ponds opening in mangrove areas due to coastal erosion caused by sea waves and the lack of awareness of people who cut down and damage the mangrove ecosystem.
Utilizing tourism potential in the form of back to nature is an effort to preserve biodiversity by creating close cooperation between communities living around areas that need to be protected and the tourism industry.Ecotourism is a combination of conservation and tourism where the income obtained from tourism should be returned to areas that need to be protected for the protection and preservation of biodiversity as well as the socio-economic improvement of the surrounding Community (Herman et al., 2017).
Community Base Tourism is a collaboration between communities around protected areas and the tourism industry where all tourist activities take place and mingle with rural communities.The added value obtained is (1) rural residents' role as tourism actors and 2) increased consumption of local products based on tradition and locality.(3) increasing local workforce absorption (Asari et al., 2018;Pantiyasa, 2018).
Utilization of natural resources in mangrove swamps as ecotourism in Batakan villages must minimize environmental damage and optimize the welfare of the Community around the area by integrating the Community as actors, according to Muslimin, Tohari and Kasdi (Muslimin, 2012;Thohari, 2013;Kasdi, 2014)

51
This qualitative research uses a case study method in the mangrove swamp ecotourism area.According to Rahardjo (2017), a case study is a series of scientific activities carried out intensively, in detail, and in-depth about a program, event, and activity, both at the individual level and as a group., institution, or organization to gain in-depth knowledge about actual events (real-life events) that are taking place.
Determining the research location was carried out purposively; in this case, Pagatan Besar ecotourism was chosen in Pagatan Besar village, Tanah Laut Regency, taking into account the uniqueness of the mangrove swamp ecotourism location.The population and samples were taken from the following community groups.

Data collection technique
The data collection technique used interviews as an effective method for collecting primary data in the field by asking questions based on the specific objectives of the meeting with the resource person to exchange information prepared with a list of questions (Boedi et al., 2014).This research divided the list of questions into two: 1) Open-ended questions were carried out using individual and group interview techniques (FGD) with the resource respondents.2) Closed questions are carried out by distributing questionnaires to the resource persons.extensive views and natural landscapes (Mustofa et al., 2019).

Data analysis
Ecotourism or nature tourism is travel to natural places that are relatively undisturbed or contaminated (polluted) to study, admire and enjoy the scenery, plants and wild animals, as well as existing forms of cultural manifestations of society, both from the past.past and present (Herman dan Supriadi, 2017).

Empowering Local Communities in Tourism Activities (Community Based
Tourism) The development of a tourism pattern known as "community-based tourism" means that tourism development is developed where all tourist activities take place and mingle with rural communities (Pantiyasa, 2018).
Community-based ecotourism is an ecotourism business that emphasizes the active role of the Community.This is based on the fact that people know about nature and culture, which have potential and selling points as tourist attractions, so community involvement is absolute.The community-based ecotourism pattern recognizes the rights of local communities to manage tourism activities in areas they own customarily or as managers (Emma et al.,   2014).

Maqashid al-Sharia
Developments regarding maqashid al-syari'ah, it is known that attention to maqashid al-syari'a has existed since the time of the Prophet Muhammad.Even though, at that time, it had not mentioned the theme of maqashid al-syari'a clearly, at least maqashid al-syari'a had provided color and contribution that could be used as a measure for Islamic legal legislation in accordance with the aim of establishing law in Islam, namely realizing benefits and avoiding harm (dar'u al-mafasid wa jalbu al-manafi').(Khatib, 2018) humans is called jalb al-manafi' (bringing benefits) (Rofam, 2014) There is goodness and pleasure felt directly by people doing an action that is ordered, but there is also goodness and pleasure felt after the action is done, or felt the next day, or even the next day (afterlife).Allah SWT's commands apply to realize such goodness and benefits (Muslimin, 2012).

Respondent Characteristics
The characteristics of respondents in this study include education, age, and occupation, summarized in the following table.

Table 2. Characteristics of Respondents' Education Level
Based on Table 2 above, the education distribution level of respondents with a Bachelor's degree is 25% (2 people), there are 62.5% (5 people) with a high school education and 12.5% (1 person) with a junior high school education.
Furthermore, the age characteristics of respondents can be seen in Table 7 below.

55
Based on observations in the field and an inventory of respondents' answers, internal and external strategy analysis factors were obtained, including strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats.

Strength (S)
1) Ecosystem Diversity: The mangrove swamp in Pagatan Besar Village has high ecosystem diversity, including various mangrove species and wildlife that attract the attention of tourists.
2) Active community participation in the development of CBT ecotourism provides the main strength.
3) Integrating Maqashid al-Syari'ah principles in the development of CBT ecotourism can provide unique competitive advantages, such as environmental sustainability, social justice, and local economic empowerment.
4) The development of CBT ecotourism in Pagatan Besar Village can provide quality tourism experiences, including interactive activities, education, and participation in cultural activities, which can increase tourist attraction.
5) A strategic location is located near popular tourist attractions or main destinations; this can be a strength in attracting tourists who want to combine their visits to nearby places.
6) Environmental Sustainability: Pagatan Besar Village can succeed in maintaining environmental sustainability in developing CBT ecotourism, including environmentally friendly management practices and ecosystem restoration.

Weakness (W)
1) There is little partnership network with related parties, such as educational institutions, environmental organizations or local businesses, so it has not been able to increase the visitor base and obtain more resources.
2) There are no partnerships with local businesses such as restaurants, accommodation or transportation service providers. 3

Opportunities (O)
1) More and more tourists are interested in ecotourism 2) A CBT approach and application of Maqashid al-Syari'ah principles can attract tourists looking for a different and socially responsible experience.
3) The need for government and NGO support in developing sustainable tourism and environmental preservation can provide more significant opportunities for Pagatan Besar Village to obtain the necessary resources and funding.
4) Improving tourism infrastructure and facilities can be an opportunity to attract more tourists.

10)
The development of a Training and Education Center for mangrove ecosystems related to CBT ecotourism based on Maqashid al-Syari'a can provide opportunities to increase local communities' knowledge and skills in sustainable tourism management.Threats (T) 1) Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Mangrove swamps in Pagatan Besar Village are vulnerable to climate change and natural disasters such as floods and rising sea levels.2) Competition with other destinations: Pagatan Besar Village must compete with other tourist destinations that offer ecotourism and sustainable tourism.Developing unique tourism products and effective marketing strategies is necessary to remain competitive.3) Changes in government policies related to tourism or the environment could threaten the development of CBT ecotourism.Unfavorable regulatory conditions or unanticipated policy changes 4) Social issues of conflict between the community and tourism administrators 5) Changes in tourist trends and preferences could become a threat if Pagatan Besar Village cannot keep up with these developments.6) Health or Safety Crisis: A global health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic or security concerns, can significantly impact tourism.7) Changes in consumer patterns or behaviour, such as a decrease in interest in ecotourism or a shift in tourist preferences 8) Dependence of visitors on local tourists 9) Changes in RTRW policies could threaten the continuity of tourist locations and reduce the attractiveness of destinations.

Table 1 . Number of samples No Respondent Group Sampling Techniques Number of Samples (people) 1. 2.
Analysis of individual site data carried out in this research includes a) data analysis during data collection in the field and b) data analysis after completing data collection in the field.Data analysis while in the field, adopting Bogdan's principles in river flow and 5 ha of riverbanks (Pagatan Besar village profile, 2016).The Pagatan Besar village mangrove area is an ecosystem with potential mangrove resources such as various types of mangrove vegetation, biota and wildlife, and SYAIKHUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata IslamSTAI Syichona Moh.Cholil Bangkalan  p-ISSN:2086-9088, e-ISSN: 2623-0054  DOI: https://doi.org/10.62730/syaikhuna.v15i1.712752Volume 15r 01 March 2024   Submitted: 29-12-2023Accepted: 05-02-2024 Approved: 18-02-2024 Published: 31-03-2024questions, look for answers, analyze them, and then develop new questions to obtain answers.If this is done continuously, the research can lead to grounded theory.4)Writecommentsmade by the researcher himself.5)Efforts to explore research ideas and themes on respondent subjects as an exploratory analysis (this step must, of course, be carried out in the early stages of the research) 6) Re-read relevant literature while in the field (this method helps to develop writing ideas, but there are dangers; the ideas, concepts or models can influence researchers' book authors use).7)Usingmetaphors and analogies of concepts.In general, the topography of Pagatan Besar village varies with the area covering 32,114 ha of lowland, 15 ha of sandy beach, 1150 ha of swamp area, 20 SYAIKHUNA: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pranata Islam STAI Syichona Moh.Cholil Bangkalan p-ISSN:2086-9088, e-ISSN: 2623-0054 DOI: https://doi.org/10.62730/syaikhuna.v15i1.7127Volume 15 Number 01 March 2024 Submitted: 29-12-2023 Accepted: 05-02-2024 Approved: 18-02-2024 Published: 31-03-2024 53 ha of