SEJARAH DAULAH MAMLUK DI MESIR

Sejarah Peradaban Islam Dunia

Abstract

The Mamluk dynasty ruled Egypt for nearly three centuries. It was first led in 1250 by a woman named Shajara Ad-Dur. The Mamluk dynasty was known as a powerful force that came from military slaves. The Bahri Mamluks and the Burghi Mamluks were two periods of Mamluk rule in Egypt, distinguished by the ethnicity of the ruling elite. Aibak is generally considered to be the first ruler of the Bahri Mamluk dynasty, who ruled from 1250 to 1257. After Aibak's death, the Mamluks were succeeded by his youngest son Ali and his deputies. The Bahri ruled from 1250 to 1389 CE and came from Turkic and Mongol slaves. They were called Bahri Mamluks because they were housed on Lauda, ​​an island in the Nile River, where they received military and religious training. Meanwhile, the first ruler of the Mamluk Burji dynasty was Azh-Zhahir Saifuddin Barquq from Kipchak (southern Russia), Mongolia and the Kurdish region, who ruled from 1389 to 1517 AD. In 1517 AD, he was defeated by the Ottoman Empire and his rule ended. The Mamluks were an aristocratic kingdom that ruled Egypt, Syria, and the Hijaz from 1250 to 1517 AD. The system of government was a military oligarchy, namely the leadership was chosen from the most powerful and influential Mamluks. The Mamluk dynasty is considered a great power born from military slaves. They contributed a lot to Islamic civilization, for example in the fields of science, architecture, and industry.

Keywords: History of Islamic Civilization, Mamluk Dynasty