KONTRIBUSI MASA KHALIFAH AL-MA’MUN TERHADAP DUNIA PENDIDIKAN ISLAM

Abstract

Abstract: The Abbasid Dynasty period was the peak progress of Islamic education, because of the foundation had been set up by the Umayyads. This article discusses khâlifah of al-Ma’muns’ contribution to education. Islamic education curriculum was effected Greece, Persia, India and China’s culture. This curriculum distinguished the material of kuttâb, teaching and learning for children, intermediate and higher level. Educational institutions existed at that time was kuttâb, halaqah, majlis and rihlah ‘ilmiyah. Meanwhile, educational places used were mosques, palaces, clergy, bookstores, libraries, literary salons and hospitals. Related to learning methods, they used memorizing, writing, speaking, reading (qirâ’ah), lecturing and discussing methods. There are six terms for the educator figure, such as mu’allim, mu’addib, mudarris, ustâdz, syaikh dan imâm. The characteristic of education when alMa’mun era was teacher oriented, that is why the education quality depended on teacher, it was not on institution, since it was not institusion oriented. Science Islamization which has been inflamed by muslim scholars was the biggest contribution given by al-Ma’mun toward Islamic education. Al-Ma'mun was also recognized as khâlifah who succeeded in the transmission of knowledge from West to East through the translation movement in Baitul Hikmah library.