KAJIAN HISTORIS; PERKEMBANGAN ILMU NAHWU MAZHAB BASRAH
Abstract
Ilmu Nahwu—di samping ilmu sharaf, mempunyai peranan penting dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Arab, yang lahir karena kesalahan orang-orang ‘ajamy (orang/masyarakat non-Arab) dalam berbahasa pada masa khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib. Perkembangan ilmu nahwu pada abad pertama hijriyah dimulai dari kota Bashrah kemudian meluas hingga ke kota Mekah dan Madinah. Nahwu mazhab Bashrah yang dipelopori oleh Imam Sibawaih merupakan satu dari dua arus kelompok besar ilmu nahwu selain nahwu mazhab Kufah yang dimotori oleh Imam al-Kisa`i.Ada delapan generasi dari perkembangan nahwu mazhab Basrah yang masing-masing dari generasi tersebut memiliki tokoh yang berperan, yaitu generasi pertama, Abu al-Aswad ad-Du`ali, Abd ar-Rahmân Bin Hurmuz, Generasi kedua Yahya bin Yâmur al-‘Udwan al-Laitsi, Abu Abdullah Maimun al-Aqran, Anbasah al-Fîl, dan Nashr bin ‘Ashîm al-Laitsi. Generasi ketiga Abdullah bin Abi Ishaq, Abu ‘Amr bin ‘Ula, dan ‘Isa bin Umr ats-Tsaqafi. Generasi keempat al-Akhfas al-Akbar, al-Khalîl bin Ahmad, dan Yunus bin Habîb. Generasi kelima Sibawaih dan Al-Yazidy. Generasi keenam Al-Akhfasy al-Awsath dan Qathrab. Generasi ketujuh Al-Jarmy, At-Tauzy, dan Al-Maziny, Abu Khâtim as-Sijistany dan Ar-Riyasyy. Generasi kedelapan Al-Mubarrad.Kata Kunci: Nahwu, mazhab BashrahReferences
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