Al Qodiri : Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial dan Keagamaan

Kajian Litelatur : Ganguuan Sistem Reproduksi Pada Perempuan dan Laki-Laki Di Era Modern

Fri, 31 Oct 2025 00:00:00 +0000

_{Abstract: Reproductive system disorders in both females and males are among the major causes of declining fertility rates worldwide. This literature review aims to identify various types of reproductive disorders, their causes, and their impacts on health and fertility. In females, common disorders include cervical cancer, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), uterine myoma, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility caused by hormonal imbalance or obesity. In males, common reproductive issues include prostate cancer, varicocele, hypogonadism, erectile dysfunction, and infertility due to poor sperm quality or autonomic nervous system disorders. Major risk factors include sexually transmitted infections (STIs), unhealthy lifestyles, stress, pollution, and chemical exposure. Recent studies also highlight the potential of modern therapies, such as stem cell transplantation, to repair damaged reproductive tissues. The findings emphasize the importance of reproductive health education, early screening, and healthy lifestyle practices to prevent and manage reproductive system disorders in both sexes.}

_{Keywords: Reproductive Disorders, Infertility, Hormones, Sexually Transmitted Infections, Stem Cells}

_{Abstrak: Gangguan sistem reproduksi pada manusia, baik perempuan maupun laki-laki, merupakan salah satu penyebab utama menurunnya tingkat kesuburan secara global. Kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai jenis gangguan reproduksi, faktor penyebab, serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan dan fertilitas. Pada perempuan, gangguan umum meliputi kanker serviks, endometriosis, sindrom ovarium polikistik (PCOS), mioma uteri, radang panggul, serta infertilitas akibat kelainan hormonal atau obesitas. Sementara pada laki-laki, gangguan yang sering terjadi meliputi kanker prostat, varikokel, hipogonadisme, disfungsi ereksi, dan infertilitas akibat penurunan kualitas sperma atau gangguan sistem saraf otonom. Faktor risiko utama mencakup infeksi menular seksual (IMS), pola hidup tidak sehat, stres, serta paparan polusi dan bahan kimia. Sejumlah penelitian juga menyoroti potensi terapi modern, seperti transplantasi sel punca, dalam memperbaiki jaringan reproduksi yang rusak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pentingnya edukasi kesehatan reproduksi, pemeriksaan dini, dan penerapan gaya hidup sehat untuk mencegah serta mengelola gangguan sistem reproduksi pada kedua jenis kelamin.}

_{Kata Kunci: Gangguan Reproduksi, Infertilitas, Hormon, Infeksi Menular Seksual, Sel Punca}

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bawang Batak (Allium chinense G. Don) Sebagai Antibakteri

Thu, 04 Dec 2025 02:59:53 +0000

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethanol extract of Batak onion leaves (Allium chinense G. Don) against soil bacteria using the disk diffusion method. The treatments included ethanol extract of Batak onion leaves, chloramphenicol as a positive control, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a negative control. The results showed that the ethanol extract exhibited antibacterial activity with an average inhibition zone of 3.16 mm, categorized as weak antibacterial activity. In contrast, the positive control (chloramphenicol) produced an inhibition zone of 28.07 mm, indicating very strong antibacterial activity, while the negative control (DMSO) showed no inhibition zone. These results confirm that the observed antibacterial effect originated from the active compounds in the extract or antibiotic rather than the solvent. The antibacterial potential of A. chinense G. Don is attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, saponins, and terpenoids, which can damage bacterial cell walls or inhibit protein synthesis. Therefore, although the inhibitory effect is relatively weak, Batak onion leaves have promising potential as a natural antibacterial source with further optimization of extract concentration and purification methods.

Keywords: Allium chinense G. Don, Antibacterial Activity, Ethanol Extract, DMSO, Chloramphenicol, Disk Diffusion Method

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol daun bawang Batak (Allium chinense G. Don) terhadap bakteri tanah dengan menggunakan metode uji kertas cakram (disk diffusion). Perlakuan yang digunakan meliputi ekstrak etanol daun bawang Batak, antibiotik kloramfenikol sebagai kontrol positif, dan dimetil sulfoksida (DMSO) sebagai kontrol negatif. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun bawang Batak memiliki daya hambat terhadap bakteri tanah dengan rata-rata zona hambat sebesar 3,16 mm, tergolong dalam kategori aktivitas antibakteri lemah. Sebaliknya, kontrol positif (kloramfenikol) menghasilkan zona hambat sebesar 28,07 mm dengan aktivitas antibakteri sangat kuat, sedangkan kontrol negatif (DMSO) tidak menimbulkan zona hambat sama sekali. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri yang dihasilkan murni berasal dari zat aktif ekstrak maupun antibiotik. Aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak daun bawang Batak diduga berasal dari kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, saponin, dan terpenoid yang bekerja dengan cara merusak dinding sel bakteri atau menghambat sintesis protein. Dengan demikian, meskipun daya hambatnya masih lemah, daun bawang Batak berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai sumber antibakteri alami melalui optimasi konsentrasi dan metode ekstraksi yang lebih efektif.

Kata Kunci: Allium chinense G. Don, Aktivitas Antibakteri, Ekstrak Etanol, DMSO, kloramfenikol, Kertas Cakram

Analisis Manajemen Strategi PT. Astra Agro Lestari Tbk dengan Pendekatan SWOT, SPACE, BCG, IE Matrix, dan Grand Strategy Matrix

Ivan Aubrey Adianto — Thu, 04 Dec 2025 14:58:23 +0000

This study aims to analyze the strategic management of PT Astra Agro Lestari Tbk in addressing the increasingly competitive and sustainability-oriented palm oil industry. The analysis employs the SWOT, SPACE, BCG, IE, and QSPM approaches to identify the company’s strategic position and formulate appropriate alternative strategies. The analysis indicates that the company possesses strong internal capabilities and potential to support sustainable growth strategies. The application of these analytical frameworks is expected to enhance the company’s competitiveness, improve operational efficiency, and strengthen its commitment to environmental and social sustainability principles. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of strategic management implementation within the agribusiness sector, particularly in Indonesia’s palm oil industry.

Kata kunci: management strategy, SWOT, SPACE, BCG, IE, QSPM, palm oil