PERKEMBANGAN FIQIH PADA MASA DAULAH UMAWIYAH
Abstract
Daulah Bani Umawiyah didirikan oleh Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan pada tahun 41 H/661 M dan berlangsung hingga tahun 132 H/ 750 M. Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan adalah seorang politisi handal di mana pengalaman politiknya sebagai Gubernur Syam pada zaman Khalifah Ustman bin Affan cukup mengantarkan dirinya mampu mengambil alih kekusaan dari genggaman khalifah pada saat itu yakni Ali bin Abi Thalib.Kepemimpinan Mu’awiyah bin Abu Sufyan tidak didasari atas asas musyawarah dan demokrasi kaum muslimin sebagaimana khalifah-khalifah yang telah mendahuluinya, bahkan kepemimpinannya ditopang atas dasar ashobiyah. Ini berakibat kepada perpecahan kaum muslimin menjadi kelompok-kelompok yang disebabkan oleh perbedaan pandangan politik yang mengharuskan mereka untuk mengambil jalan mereka masing-masing.Meskipun banyak sejarawan yang memandang negatif terhadap Mu’awiyah, karena keberhasilannya dalam mencapai kepemimpinan melalui cara abitrase yang curang serta dialah yang mengubah model suksesi kepala negara dari proses demokrasi menuju sistem monarkhi. Kita tidak dapat memungkiri kemajuan yang dicapai oleh para khalifah Bani Umawiyah dalam hal politik, pendidikan, ekonomi dan budaya.References
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