MUTHLAQ DAN MUQAYYAD

Fawwaz Fudhail Muchammad; Ahsin Haris Ulinnuha; Muhammad Hannan Ali

doi:10.36835/jipi.v24i03.4211

Fawwaz Fudhail Muchammad Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Ahsin Haris Ulinnuha Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Muhammad Hannan Ali Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.36835/jipi.v24i03.4211

Kata Kunci: Muthlaq, Muqayyad, Islamic Law, Hadith, Ushul Fiqh, and the Qur'an

Abstrak

Dalam studi ushul fiqh, istilah muthlaq dan muqayyad digunakan, dan keduanya digunakan dalam elemen-elemen yang berbeda dalam hukum Islam. Jika muqayyad adalah frasa dengan batasan tertentu, muthlaq adalah istilah yang luas tanpa batasan apa pun. Ketika mengevaluasi hukum Islam, sangat penting untuk memiliki pemahaman yang menyeluruh tentang kedua gagasan ini, terutama ketika memeriksa tulisan-tulisan syariah yang termasuk dalam Al Qur'an dan Hadis. Kontras antara muthlaq dan muqayyad, serta bagaimana para ulama klasik dan modern menafsirkan dan menggunakan kedua ide ini, adalah subjek utama dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan literatur klasik dan kontemporer serta menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Temuan-temuan yang diperoleh menunjukkan pentingnya muthlaq dan muqayyad dalam pengembangan hukum syariah, khususnya dalam menyeimbangkan berbagai kitab suci yang sekilas terlihat bertentangan satu sama lain. Selain itu, beberapa contoh penerapan muthlaq dan muqayyad dalam fatwa dan ijtihad kontemporer menunjukkan bagaimana hukum Islam diterapkan secara dinamis sesuai dengan kondisi saat itu. Dengan demikian, pemahaman yang menyeluruh tentang muthlaq dan muqayyad sangat penting untuk kemajuan ilmu fikih dan kemampuan beradaptasi hukum Islam terhadap perubahan konteks sosial dan budaya.

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