MENAKAR EKSISTENSI TEOLOGI PEMBEBASAN TERHADAP PROSENTASE ZAKAT MÂL MALKI-YAT I-ZOR
Abstract
Dalam rangka menjawab tantangan persoalan kemiskinan, Islam sebagai agama yang rahmatan lil’alamin mendorong dan menganjurkan pemeluknya melakukan ibadah yang bertendensi seperti infak dan sedekah. Karena Tuhan menyadari adanya keterbatasan amal manusia seperti keangkuhan orang-orang yang memberi dan perasaan hina dari orang-orang yang diberi, maka Tuhan mewajibkan zakat sebagai pemberian wajib—bahkan dengan cara direnggut sekalipun—atas sejumlah harta yang telah dikenai ketentuan hukum. Zakat menjadi jalan lain yang ditetapkan Tuhan dalam menyelesaikan problem kemiskinan. Pelaksanaan ibadah ini tidak diserahkan kepada kemauan orang yang dikenai wajib zakat, akan tetapi sejarah menunjukkan bahwa sejak zaman Nabi dan Sahabat, zakat dalam penunaiannya “dipaksakan†dan ditangani langsung oleh aparat yang berwenang. Sebagai suatu kewajiban yang dibebankan kepada para muzakki di kalangan muslim, dalam pelaksanaan pengambilannya zakat direnggut dari tangan orang-orang kaya dan distribusikan kepada para mustahiq, yang notabene adalah orang-orang miskin. Dalam tulisan ini akan mengetengahkan model perenggutan yang berdasar pada teologi dengan pemberlakuan zakat atas harta hasil eksploitasi.References
Adiwarman Azwar Karim, Sejarah Pemikiran Ekonomi Islam, Jakarta: International Institute of Islamic Thought [IIIT], 2001
Asghar Ali Engineer, Islam and Liberation Theology; Essay on Liberative Elements in Islam, Terj. Agung Prihantoro, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2000
_______, Islam Pembawa Kebebasan, Jakarta: Yayasan Paramadina) Makalah Diskusi-Studium Generale “Islam dan Teologi Pembebasan,†tidak diterbitkan
Bahesty dan Bahonar, Our Philosophy, Jakarta: Risalah Masa, 1992
Bambang Subagyo (et al), Kemiskinan di Indonesia Dalam Perspektif Ekonomi; Sebuah Kajian Pemodelan, Bogor, Makalah S2 IPB, 2001
Bernard Lonergan, Method in Theology, London: Darton, Longman and Todd, 1972
Budhy Munawar Rachman, (ed), Kontekstualisasi Doktrin Islam, dalam Sejarah, “Konsep-Konsep Teologi†Djohan Effendi, Jakarta: Yayasan Paramadina, tt.
Dawam Rahardjo, Ensiklopedi Al-Qur’an; Tafsir Sosial Berdasarkan Konsep-konsep Kunci, Jakarta: Paramadina, 1996
Eko Prasetyo, Islam Kiri Melawan Kapitalisme Modal; dari Wacana menuju Gerakan, Yogyakarta: Insist Press, 2002
Farid Esack, Qur’an, Liberation and Pluralism: Islamic Persfective of Interreligi-ous Solidarity against Oppression, terj. Watung A. Budiman, Bandung: Mizan, 2000
Fr. Wahono Nitiprawiro, Teologi Pembebasan; Sejarah, Metode, Praksis, dan Isinya, Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2000
Frans Magnis Suseno, Karl Marx ; Dari Sosialisme Utopis ke Perselisihan Revisionisme, Jakarta : Gramedia, 2001
H. Masjfuk Zuhdi, Masail Fiqhiyah, Jakarta : Gunung Agung, 1997
Harun Nasution, Muhammad Abduh dan Teologi Rasional Mu’tazilah, Jakarta: UI Press, 1987
M. Abdul Mannan, Islamics Economics, Theory and Practice, terj. Yogyakarta: PT. Dana Bhakti Prima Yasa, 1997
M. Amien Rais, Tauhid Sosial, Bandung: Mizan, 1998
Majid Khadduri, Teologi Keadilan Perpektif Islam, Surabaya: Risalah Gusti, 2002
Majid Khadduri, Teologi Keadilan Perspektif Islam, Terj, Surabaya: Risalah Gusti, 1999
Majid Khadduri, The Islamic Conception of Justice, terj. H. Muchtar Zoerni, Surabaya; Risalah Gusti, 1999
Michael Amalados, Life in Freedom; Liberation Teologies in Asia, Terj. A. Widyamartaya dan Cindarellas, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2001
Michael Lowy, Liberation Theology, Terj. Yogayakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2000
Muhammad Jawad Mughniyah, al-Fiqh ‘ala al-Madzahib al-Khamsah, terj. Masykur AB, et all, Fiqh Lima Mazhab Jakarta: Lentera, 1996
_______, Fiqh Al-Imam Ja’far as-Shadiq, Beirut: Dar Al-Jawad, 1985
Muhammad Umer Chapra, Islam and the Economic Challenge, Terj. Surabaya : Risalah Gusti, 1999
Nurcholish Madjid, Pintu-pintu Menuju Tuhan, Jakarta: Paramadina, 1995
Tim Redaksi Tanwirul Afkar Pondok Pesantren Salafiyah Syafi’iyah Sukorejo Situbondo, Fiqh Rakyat; Pertautan Fiqh dengan Kekuasaan, Yogyakarta: LKIS, 2000
Yusuf Qardhawi, Fiqhuz Zakat, Beirut: Muassasat ar-Risalah, 1973
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
2. Proposed Policy for Journals That Offer Delayed Open Access
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication, with the work [SPECIFY PERIOD OF TIME] after publication simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
