KAIDAH-KAIDAH AL-’URF DALAM BIDANG MUAMALAH
Abstract
Hukum Islam mengenal dan membenarkan hukum adat. Para ahli ushul fiqh menerima adat yang dalam bahasa fikih disebut dengan ‘urf dengan batasan sebagai sesuatu yang dilakukan atau diucapkan berulang-ulang oleh banyak orang, sehingga dianggap baik dan diterima jiwa dan akal yang sehat. Dalam hal akidah dan ibadah ‘urf tak lazim digunakan, sementara para ahli ushul fiqh yang meneriam cenderung untuk membatasinya dalam masalah muamalah. Beberapa kaidah ‘urf yang berdasarkan dengan muamalah. Pertama, Sesuatu yang telah dikenal karena ‘urf seperti yang disyaratkan dengan suatu syara, Kedua, Sesuatu yang telah dikenal antara pedagang berlaku sebagai syarat diantara mereka. Ketiga, Ketentuan berdasarkan ‘urf seperti ketentuan berdasarkan nash. Keempat, Arti hakiki (yang sebenarnya) ditinggalkan karena ada petunjuk arti menurut adat. Sebuah adat kebiasaan dan ‘urf itu bisa dijadikan sebuah sandaran untuk menetapkan hukum syar’i apabila tidak terdapat nash syar’i atau lafaz shorih (tegas) yang bertentangan dengannya. Kata Kunci: ‘Urf, Muamalah, IslamReferences
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