FIQH RIBA; KAJIAN ‘ILLAT HUKUM (KAUSA LEGAL) RIBA
Abstract
Bagaimana pun juga, terjadi silang pendapat di kalangan ulama menyangkut illat (kausa legal) riba dengan dua varian pokoknya. Ada yang berpendapat bahwa illat keharaman riba fadhl adalah kelebihan barang atau harga dari benda sejenis yang diperjualbelikan melalui alat ukur al-wazn dan al-kail. Dengan kata lain, riba fadhl hanya berlaku dalam timbangan (al-wazn) atau takaran (al-kail) harta yang sejenis, bukan terhadap nilai harta. Kelompok ulama yang lain berpandangan bahwa illat keharaman riba fadhl, khususnya emas dan perak adalah disebabkan keduanya merupakan harga dari sesuatu, baik emas dan perak itu telah dibentuk menjadi cincin, kalung atau yang lainnya, maupun belum (emas batangan). Di sisi lain, ada juga ulama yang berpendapat bahwa riba sama sekali tidak memiliki illat. Dengan begitu, maka tidak ada riba kecuali dalam enam komoditas yang telah dinyatakan secara jelas dalam hadits, yakni emas, perak, gandum, anggur, kurma, dan garam.Kata kunci : fiqh riba, perdebatan ulama, illat hukum, kausa legalReferences
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