DARI REZIM OTORITARIAN KE REFORMASI: KRITIK ATAS UPAYA PENETAPAN SOEHARTO SEBAGAI PAHLAWAN DI TENGAH CATATAN PELANGGARAN HAM 1998

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of the authoritarian New Order regime and the controversy surrounding efforts to declare Soeharto a national hero despite his documented human rights violations in 1998. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach and library research, the analysis explores the political structure of the New Order, characterized by centralized power, military dominance, restricted civil liberties, and entrenched corruption practices. The study further investigates major human rights violations preceding Soeharto’s downfall, including the May 1998 riots, sexual violence, mass killings, and the abduction of pro-democracy activists. Findings reveal that attempts to elevate Soeharto as a national hero reflect efforts to reconstruct historical memory in ways that risk whitewashing state repression. Thus, this research underscores the importance of historical integrity, transparency, and respect for victims as ethical foundations for heroism policies, while safeguarding democratic values and human rights in the reform era.