Pengaruh Likuiditas, Solvabilitas dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kinerja Perusahaan

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the effect of liquidity, solvency, and firm size on company performance. Liquidity is measured by the Current Ratio (CR), solvency by the Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), and firm size by total assets, while company performance is proxied by Return on Assets (ROA). The study involves 21 food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during 2020–2023 using purposive sampling. The analysis includes descriptive testing, classical assumption testing, multiple linear regression, determination coefficient testing, and hypothesis testing. The results show that simultaneously, all independent variables influence company performance. Partially, liquidity and firm size have a positive and significant effect, while solvency has no significant effect. These findings provide valuable insights for investors and stakeholders in evaluating company performance based on financial reports. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh likuiditas, solvabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Variabel likuiditas diukur dengan Current Ratio (CR), solvabilitas diukur dengan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), dan ukuran perusahaan diukur berdasarkan total aset, sedangkan kinerja perusahaan diproksikan dengan Return on Assets (ROA). Penelitian dilakukan pada 21 perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2020-2023 dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji deskriptif, asumsi klasik, regresi linier berganda, uji determinasi, dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara simultan, ketiga variabel independen berpengaruh terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Secara parsial, likuiditas dan ukuran perusahaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, sedangkan solvabilitas tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kinerja perusahaan. Hasil ini memberikan wawasan penting bagi investor dan pemangku kepentingan dalam menilai kinerja perusahaan melalui laporan keuangan.